Public Administration Policy AnalysisAnalytical paper that will Research

Public Administration Policy AnalysisAnalytical that will analyze and make a recommendation on a policy issueNATIONAL POPULATION CONTROL - Research Paper Example Increase in the population generally has a very great impact on the country. It leads to various other problems in education and employment. People do not get an opportunity to select the educational institution that they prefer. This subsequently affects their employment. Employment has become a big issue since the numbers of educated people are more when compared to other countries. The U.S nationals are deprived of their chances due to the increase in the immigration. Population control is the major concern of any country. The governments of almost all the countries around the world try their best to control the population though there are various population control techniques; the lack of co-operation leaves the policies ineffective. Population control cannot be achieved overnight and the government and other public service organizations must implement unique population control mechanism. (Mosher, 2008).The importance of population control has been realized over the past few years and almost all the countries struggle hard to control the population. United States is one among the countries which has taken up this issue seriously. Due to the various external factors, the American government has proposed new ideas that can control the population. The current population in U.S is more than 30 crores and there... (Haub, 2008). The current population in U.S is more than 30 crores and there has been an increase in the fertility rate when compared to the past. When compared to the 20th century the population in U.S has tripled and the census has revealed the fact that U.S population cannot be controlled instantaneously. (Dexter, 2009). There are various issues that have contributed to the increase in the population. The immigration, increase in the fertility rate and the lack of sex education are the major reasons for the increase in the population. The various issues with their respective alternatives are discussed below. Immigration Immigration is one of the main reasons for the increase in the U.S population. There has been an enormous increase in the number of people who emigrate from other parts of the world. The development in the science and technology has grabbed the attention of many and people prefer U.S when compared to the other states. U.S has been one among the best places for the students to pursue their higher education. These people who pursue their education gradually settle down in U.S as soon as they get a suitable job. This in turn adds to the population and this also has a disadvantage. The natives of U.S are deprived of their chances in education and employment. (Haines, 2000). A survey that was conducted by the U.S Census Bureau reveals that the number of immigrants in the year 2005 was around 1.4milliion. This research also shows that the number of people who immigrate to U.S in the year 2050 will be around 2.1 million per year. This clearly states that the immigrants play a major part in the U.S population and the decrease in the number of immigrants will prove to be a relief.

Corporal Punishment in School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporal Punishment in School - Essay Example Though not taking proper actions to restrict offensive behavior of certain students could lead to serious consequences in a classroom yet inflicting serious injuries on the students by using aggressive techniques like caning could also lead to much more devastating consequences. Facts and discussion presented in this essay are basically meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that â€Å"corporal punishment could be seriously bad for the mental and moral wellbeing of the students which is why it should not be allowed to be introduced in the schools as a way of coping mechanism.† It is a fact that presently there are many national and international campaigns in action against corporal punishment and this is because the disadvantages offered by this form of punishment outweigh the few rewards guaranteed by it. There are many valid reasons for outlawing corporal punishment in the schools. Though people favoring corporal punishment suggest that not using such a practical form of punishment reinforces bad behavior, others opinion that by hitting the students in any way and inflicting bodily harm, no good can come out in context of behavioral, emotional, and moral development. There exists no sound connection between student achievement and corporal punishment which is why it should not be allowed to be used in any school. There exist many other ways save this form of punishment to correct any bad action displayed by any student which include good therapy session conducted by the teachers themselves or polishing the communication policy. When the teachers take care to talk sense into their students out of the teaching hours, the students realize that they are valued by their teachers and feel more secure to confide in them. Instead of communicating, such inexperienced teachers rely on corporal punishment to restrict bad behavior which in turn hardens the students most of the times and they develop immunity to any form of corrective strategy used by the tea chers. The chance for them of developing low self-esteems also heightens which could lead them to depression and anxiety problems, hence exacerbating the already bad situation. Also in response to corporal punishment, the students might begin to think that every situation could be resolved with physical violence (Lyon). There exists huge amount of scientific evidence suggesting that when a student is reprimanded seriously in front of the entire class by either caning or slapping, serious mental remodeling takes place in that student which is most often for the worse. It is claimed by Dr. Newell that â€Å"all people have the right to protection of their physical integrity, and children are people too† (cited in Schamotta). This suggests that children have a right to their physical integrity and this right can be seriously violated by corporal punishment. Critics, parents, and educationists who favor corporal punishment suggest that this method is capable of effectively restra ining bad behavior before it envelops the entire classroom. It also stimulates the students to grow up into responsible and fearful citizens in addition to decreasing the level of crime in the schools. However, attention should be paid to the fact that corporal punishment has been banned in so many parts of the world and most of the states in America due to a valid reason. If it really were capable of offering so many benefits,

Water Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Water Quality Management - Essay Example This may involve the use of holding tanks, aerated wastewater treatment plants, irrigation systems, and wetlands, composting toilets or any other technology. This second section will focus on aerated wastewater. The delivery of safe drinking-water requires actions to be taken throughout the water cycle from the catchment to the point of consumption. The focus of any programm designed to deliver safe drinking-water should therefore be the effective management Pollutants are substances that enter an environment in amounts that disturb the natural balance of the system, resulting in adverse impacts on that system or on public health. Some Typical Pollutants Include: - Livestock can also suffer health impacts from drinking water high in nitrate. Nitrate is a compound (NO3 that contains nitrogen and three oxygens that can come from the decomposition of organic material in waste. It is found in some fertilizers. Improperly managed, these pollutants can enter our water supplies, resulting in water quality degradation. Pollutants also have adverse aesthetic, social, and economic impacts, such as causing a community's workforce to be indisposed by illness. Illness can then affect a family's earning ability and social well being. Pollutants can also affect property values. Some may create odor and other nuisancerelated conditions. Most homes in rural and many suburban areas depend upon a septic system for treatment and disposal of their household wastewater. In these areas, the value of land is often directly related to its ability to accommodate a properly functioning onsite wastewater treatment system. Onsite wastewater system use has such significant impacts on water resources, property value, public health and environmental quality that considerations for their use should be integrated into community and county land use planning. Zoning ordinances should reflect wastewater management plans including the potential for the use of onsite systems and the density of these systems that is acceptable. Some areas have been considered not developable because the soil and site conditions are not suitable for the installation and use of conventional onsite systems. In such areas, the

Analysis of Australias Economic Engagement with Asia

Analysis of Australias Economic Engagement with Asia The topic of political and economic arguments for Australia’s engagement with Asia has been discussed keenly in media over extensive period of time. However, no matter who you ask, or what article you read, it is a fact that Australia’s relations with South East Asia and Asia in general went through a significant change over past 20 years. This relationship started with a complicated and cautious view of Asia as a risk. Risk in both direct aggression and military sense, as well as a hazard to Australia’s way of life. Later on, the relationship evolved to viewing Australia as an integral part of Asian society, as a country that should position itself as a strong, reliable and vital partner in region that is able to benefit from growth in the area and, in turn, benefit the region itself. There are numerous political and economic arguments for Australia’s engagement with Asia, Australia economy is connected to economies of other countries in the world and prosperity of Australia nation depends on where Australia will position itself in future. Politics in this age a highly influenced by economic factors and are usually mended and driven by economics, hence I will start with the later. As Asia’s economy continues to expand rapidly and Asia is poised to become the powerhouse of the next century as suggested by Dr Emerson (2012), Australia will only find itself more interconnected with these economies, building its own wealth as they grow. Already, DFAT (2013) indicates Australia top 4 export partners are in Asia with China, Japan, South Korea and India accounting for 63% of Australia’s exports in FY2013. The proximity of Australia to Asia and specifics of resources we have will see the economy further integrate with that of the region. As influence of Asia grows so the political motivations to associate Australia as integral part of Asia, early examples include Prime Minister Howard’s policy to position Australia as a key player in the region. The absolute need to position Australia as a key, central and crucial regional player forced the government to work on policies that emphasise regionalism at times, or fostering bilateral agreements with others according to Capling (2008). Moreover rising dependence of Australian prosperity on growth and trade with Asian economies further stressed the need in forward looking strategy, which culminated in numerous governmental studies, with publication of the â€Å"Australia in the Asian century† white paper. The enormous growth in Asian economies has already provided Australia with extraordinary benefits, most notably in mining and energy sectors, and while growth in China seems to be slowing there is no reason why other economies, India for example, are not able to fill any void left by Australia’s main trade partner. There is absolutely no reason why Australia cannot continue monetising on the growth its neighbours are experiencing. And this incredible growth is only expected to continue, with multiple sources and studies, including The Standard (2012), indicating that by 2030 Asia will become the economic centre of the world. It is expected that closer to 2030 Asia’s GDP will exceed GDP of the United States and Europe combined. As a result of that middle-class consumers population in Asia is expected to be the largest in the world. Even as some economies in Asia start to moderate in growth, as their middle class grows so will the demand of this wealthier population for higher end goods and services. A diverse range of products can be exported, starting from education to health, organic food to wine. According to the Commonwealth (2012) the global centre for economic and wealth gravity will only continue shifting to the region. The signs are already apparent, Australian educational sector has been a net exporter to Asia, turning this country into Asia’s classroom according to Griggs (1993). Full Fee paying students are contributing over A$1.1 billion a year into Australian educational sector. As the wealth of these economies grows, we can only expect growth in demand for high quality, unbiased western education. This is reinforcing desired position of Australia being a certain bridge between the East and West, positioned in the East with a robust Western system of education, culture, economy and customs. In addition to tertiary education numerous student arrive to Australia to study English or attain vocational and school qualifications. Australia has been successful so far in its approach to internationalise education (Beazley 1992). Students from overseas are becoming not only an important source of knowledge and cultural exchange, they are also important in funding Australia’s university sy stem. The growing importance of international students, and their dollars, has resulted in a significant shift in Australian politics. As Asian wealth grows international competition for students grows as well, these resulted in need to streamline and relax requirements for entry into the country. There is a noticeable change in requirements to obtain international student visa to travel and study in Australia, a large number of requirements have been streamlined, the procedures simplified and processing times improved significantly. Politics, including such sensitive issues as entry requirements into Australia, once again have been significantly influenced by economics, according to Treasurer Swan (2012) the Asian century is the time for Australia and Australian education to shine, however further changes needed to stay competitive in international market place. The government is in continuous discussions with educational institutions on how to become more competitive and how to attract more students to Australia. Australia utilises a number of tools to be visible and attractive in this regard, including road shows and expos in Asia, significant investment in advertising overseas and direct involvement of government and relevant institutions in promoting Australia as the â€Å"place to be† to gain high quality, world class qualifications while still enjoying unique, relaxed, western and prosperous country. A simple visit to most university campuses will be enough to show tremendous success Australian Educ ational sector is enjoying. There is another sector that is already benefiting from this interaction, and is expected to grow vastly if properly marketed. Larger population and wealthier pockets means demand for more food and better nutrition. According to Cooper (2012), Australia’s proximity, vast size and smaller population means that Australia is poised to become a case of a food basket for Asia. From personal experience and news, we can see that the potential benefit for the food industry is apparent. Recent interest of international investors and conglomerates in Australian companies like Graincorp only proves the potential of wealth that can be generated by food industry here. And there is a clear push from Federal Government to boost the potential of this industry and simplify the process of investment and export. If the success of beef industry can be replicated in other sectors of food industry there is a clear potential of lucrative income stream for both the government and investors. Away from economy, moving to a purely political view, there is an argument that issue of national security is paramount, independent of economy and always comes first. My argument however is that as economical dependency grows the national security issues are softened to accommodate these new economical realities, if not adjusted entirely. It is no secret that Australia is a major beneficiary of Chinese growth. According to The Economist Intelligence Unit (2009) while growing in its dependency on China, Australia still looks to America as Asia’s sheriff. For a while, Australian government had the urgent sense of a growing problem as China is reshaping Australia’s trade and investment structure, drawing the country into a China-centred Asian orbit. This didn’t sit well with a strong historical security connection between Australia and America. The absolute need to avoid any conflict, in order to balance the relationship between two major partners, is one of the re asons of Australia’s push to build regional organisations that will include two powers. One of the possible outcomes of availability of such organisations like Asia-Pacific community is that they will act as some sort of tribunal or forum where conflicts and issues can be resolved peacefully and without major impact on economy, security and national interests. My argument here that while historically Australia had extraordinary ties with America, and will continue this relationship in foreseeable future, economic reality dictates the need to find a middle ground and move away from blindly following policies of the US (Capling 2008) to balancing its act as Asia in general, and China in particular, are not seen as an enemy, but as a vital and important partner. Over last decade, Australian Government has been implementing policies showing that Australia’s interest, wealth building and long term survival will be better served by developing and implementing a more independ ent and balanced policy from that of Washington. To further elaborate on this point, we have seen numerously how foes of yesterday became friends as economical relationships between countries increase in complexity, interdependence is established and mutual economic benefit becomes the main driver of politics. Examples abound, Germany and France as one, closer to home Australia and Japan are a great example. Not that long ago Australia and Japan were adversaries and the relationship was that of an occupier and the occupied. According to Sato (2008) Australia put forward a request for a harsher treatment to occupied Japan, demanded stricter and tougher assurances. These demands were so harsh that United States was not willing to accommodate them. While these demands were understandable due to the deep scar Australia received owing to Japanese actions in World War II, the situation started to change slowly. Economical ties grew, Japanese economy underwent a â€Å"miracle† growth and countries became closer. Australian relation ship with Japan extended to the degree that they have become undeniably some of the strongest partners in Asia-Pacific region. Japan was a strong supporter of Bob Hawke’s proposal in establishing the APEC initiative, as mentioned by Terada (2000), and arguably, the reason why this organisation managed to survive the initial resistance it received from other Asian nations. In addition, Japan put tremendous pressure to facilitate acceptance of Australia into East Asian Forums, see Marris (2005). Due to these changes very few people on either side could perceive the other party as a threat to national security, stability or way of life. The mindset has changed completely aided by recent history, political and economical dynamics between the two nations. There is no reason why Australia cannot foster similar relationships with other countries in Asia that will result, akin to Japan, in obtaining an ally, a trading partner and major supporter on international arena. Moreover, the situation is much more favourable with most of the nations in the region. Unlike Japan, with exception of Indonesia, there were no obvious or direct security confrontations with any of the nations. This provides a more favourable ground on building more robust relationships that are based on mutual trust and benefit. China is repeating the economic â€Å"miracle† of Japan, already becoming, in certain sense a prosperous, much larger, healthier and more vibrant economy. Japan has been pushed to sidelines in everything but political relations, starting with the significance of trade with Australia, to the number of international students and tourist visiting this country. There is a significant progress today compared to where we were even a decade ego, previously it was debatable if Australia will ever be considered as part of Asia, today that is not the question. However, there is still a long way to go to build mutual trust, foster common understanding and create strong, allied links. Often uniqueness of Australia hampered relations with Asia, however being different is not always bad. Australia is still and will remain very different to other Asian countries. Dissimilar attracts, and by leveraging this uniqueness Australia travel, tourism and hospitality industry flourished. We have seen increase in Japanese tourism that benefited Queensland economy enormously, and this is slowly starting to replicate with other Asian countries. Australia boasts unique natural landmarks, beautiful scenery and a very different environment to Asian countries. Australia is working hard to promote and capitalise on growing wealth of Asia. Large advertising and sponsorship campaigns are launched across Asia, with Tourism Australia taking a A$14 million campaign across four Asian markets that are most lucrative at this stage, being Hong Kong, China, Korea and Malaysia as pointed out by Sudhaman (2005). Offering a unique and compelling position, Australia is capable of benefiting signif icantly from Asian tourism. Even when taking competition of other, more traditional, tourism destination in Europe and US, Australia is able to gain an upper hand by emphasizing its Asian location, proximity, uniqueness of natural assets and friendliness of population. In addition, Australia offers significant amount of services available in tourist native languages due to true multiculturalism and multilingualism of local population. Owing to massive growth of wealth and large population in Asia, Australian Tourism industry could become the largest service export of the country. If WTTC (2013) assumptions are correct, by 2020 almost half of the travellers around the planet will originate from Asia. There is a potential for Australia to receive around $115 billion in overnight spend from tourism by 2020 if proper policies and marketing are done (Tourism Australia 2011). Conclusion: Arguably, economic benefit is the main driver behind all the politics and the main reason why governments enter into alliances or build common organisations. From analysis above Australia could benefit tremendously from repositioning itself as a strong, active and friendly Asian nation while retaining the specifics of its Western culture and way of life. Building closer relationships with Asia should prove positive on multiple vectors impacting almost every sector of national economy. Over past decades Australia has already been benefiting from the mutual relationship with Asia. Trade numbers increased dramatically with main Australian trade partners shifting from Europe and North America to Asia. Strong industry links have been built including financial, political and cultural. Tremendous number of industries benefited from this, with mining and energy historically benefiting from our proximity to Asia. And, it is expected, that they will only continue to do so in near future. Educational and Health sectors are becoming a major source of wealth locally by exporting the service overseas. Australian educational sector is already becoming one of top recipients of international student fees, and there is no reason why Australian health system cannot benefit from international clients akin to US, Canada, Switzerland and Germany. Additionally, the government along with the tourism sector are promoting Australia as a unique destination with aspects of both Europe and As ia, this is where uniqueness of Australia and its dissimilarity from Asia can be capitalised the most. Politically, as stronger economic ties are forged and trust fostered among nations, Australia is posed to reduce any risk to its national security, be that from direct aggression or passive hostility. When governments see the benefit of being with other nation, when this benefit translates in more robust trade, wealthier electorate and stronger economy, governments tend to put differences aside and look for solutions in peaceful, civilised way. And these are just few of numerous positive reasons of Australia benefiting from stronger ties with its neighbours. Bibliography: Beazley, The Hon Kim, M.P. (1992). International Education in Australia through the 1990s. Canberra. Australian Government Publishing Service. Capling A. (2008). Twenty years of Australia’s engagement with Asia. Tokyo. The Pacific Review, 21:5,601-622. Cooper, (2012). THE push to turn Australia into Asias food bowl. Brisbane. Queensland Country Life DFAT publication (2014). Composition of Trade Australia 2012-13. 1-235. Canberra. Australian Government Publishing Service. Economist Intelligence Unit, The (2009). Asia politics: Australias Chinese entanglement. New York. EIU ViewsWire. Emerson C. (2012). Australias trade with Asia will rise significantly. Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. The Daily Advertiser. Griggs T. (1993). Australia: Oz becomes Asias classroom. Sydney. Asian Business 29 Nov 1993:10. Marris, S. (11 Apr 2005). STATE OF THE NATION. Canberra. The Australian. Sato, Y. (Fall 2008). Asian Affairs. Tokyo. American Review.35.3: 152-172. Standard, The (2012). AUSTRALIAS proximity to Asia is a clear advantage. Warrnambool. Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited. Sudhaman, A. (2005). Tourism Australia ads roll into new markets. Honk Kong. Haymarket Business Publications Ltd. Swan W. (2012). FED: Education will boost Asia links: Swan. Sydney. AAP General News Wire. Terada, T. (Apr 2000). The Australia–Japan Partnership in the Asia-Pacific. Contemporary Southeast Asia. Vol22: 175-198. Tourism Australia, (2011). Whole of government working with industry to achieve Australia’s tourism potential December 2011. Canberra World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) (2013). Economic Impact of Travel Tourism Mid-Year Update. London.

Terrorism - No Public Discourse on Terror :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

No Public Discourse on Terror Rep. Barbara Lee (D-California) said the following in casting the lone vote against giving President Bush full congressional approval for carrying out his War on Terrorism as he sees fit: I am convinced that military action will not prevent further acts of international terrorism against the United States. This is a very complex and complicated matter. . . . However difficult this vote may be, some of us must urge the use of restraint. Our country is in a state of mourning. Some of us must say, let us step back for a moment. Let us just pause for a minute and think through the implications of our actions today so that this does not spiral out of control. . . . I have agonized over this vote, but I came to grips with it today and I came to grips with opposing this resolution during the very painful yet very beautiful memorial service. As a member of the clergy so eloquently said, "As we act, let us not become the evil that we deplore." I agree. But what is striking to me as a linguist is the use of negatives in the statement: "not prevent," "restraint" (inherently negative), "not spiral out of control," "not become the evil that we deplore.'' Friends are circulating a petition calling for "Justice without vengeance." "Without" has another implicit negative. It is not that these negative statements are wrong. But what is needed is a positive form of discourse. There is one. The central concept is that of "responsibility," which is at the heart of progressive/liberal morality (See Moral Politics). Progressive/liberal morality begins with empathy, the ability to understand others and feel what they feel. That is presupposed in responsibility-responsibility for oneself, for protection, for the care of those who need care, and for the community. Those were the values that we saw at work among the rescue workers in New York right after the attack. Responsibility requires competence and effectiveness. If you are to deal responsibly with terrorism, you must deal effectively with all its causes: religious, social, and enabling causes.

Meet food and safety requirements when providing food and drink for individuals Essay

1.1 food safety hazards when preparing, serving, storing and cleaning away food and drinks are of three types, namely, biological and chemical hazards. 1.2 this is important because it prevents food poisoning for the individual for e.g. if i don’t take all the necessary precautions when preparing food or drink, the service user may get food poisoning which could end with the service user going into hospital. food poisoning is caused when contaminated food is eaten, it can be extremely unpleasant, and in worst case scenarios it can be fatal, particularly in high-risk group clients. the most common cause of illness from food is bacterial contamination. 1.3 personal protective clothing must be used when handling food and drink because dust and bacteria from our clothes can contaminate the service users food and drink. for e.g. we go out in break and have a coffee in a coffee shop, when someone at the next table is sneezing , after going in the service users home we have to use protective clothing because bacteria from our own clothes may contaminate the food and drink we prepare. 1.4 surfaces, utensils and equipment must be clean before beginning a new task because bacteria from the left over pieces of food will contaminate the freshly cut/handled food, also chopping boards used for chopping vegetables must be washed before chopping meat if separate boards are not available in a service users home. 1.5 some of the cooked food products gets extremely quickly contaminated, as food waste promptly and safely. meat, fish, poultry, dairy products, cooked pasta and rice are perfect for bacteria to grow. that’s why we must dispose or clear meals leftovers immediately. for e.g. if the service user left some rice or meat in the pan, we must cover it immediately after the meal and store it in the fridge but only for a few hours (e.g. lunch till supper, but not till next days lunch) if that leftover is not consumed at supper, we must dispose it in the bin for food waste. also we must wash up the pans, plates, cutlery etc after clearing the food to not leave time for bacteria to grow and develop. 1.6 when storing food we must follow some guidelines to ensure its safety, for e.g. to keep apart raw and cooked food, keep apart dairy product, meat products, eggs and vegetables because this is the way of preventing cross contamination. 2.1 hands should be washed quite regularly when handling food, they should be washed before preparing food, in-between dealing with raw and cooked foods also if you were to come in contact with a service user you should then wash your hands. 2.2 step 1 – wet hands thoroughly under warm running water and squirt liquid soap onto the palm of one hand. step 2 – rub your hands together to make lather. step 3 – rub the palm of one hand along the back of the other and along the fingers. then repeat with the other hand. step 4 – rub in between each of your fingers on both hands and round your thumbs. pay particular attention to your nails. you many need to use a nail brush. step 5 – rinse off the soap with clean water. step 6 – dry hands on thoroughly on a disposable towel. 2.3 every person working in a food handling area must maintain a high degree of personal cleanliness and wear suitable clean and where appropriate protective clothing. clothing is a common source of contamination of food and may arise form: – foreign bodies e.g. buttons, fibers and debris – pathogenic (harmful) micro-organisms via cross-contamination from dirty clothing. clothing must be clean and should be changed regularly to maintain hygienic standards and protect food from the risk of contamination where open high risk foods are being prepared or handled, protective clothing must be worn. 2.4 surfaces, utensils and equipment must be clean before beginning a new task: – removing matter on which bacteria grows – reducing the risk of foreign matter in food – preventing cross contamination e.g. direct, indirect 3.1 practices to control hazards when preparing and serving food and drink using seperate boards and utensils for different types of food e.g. raw meats and vegetables, using colour-coded chopping boards, making sure that food is thoroughly cooked according to guidelines e.g. not reheating more than once, following microwave instructions, ensuring frozen meat and products are thawed before cooking. cooking or reheating immediately before serving, washing ready-to-eat product, serving foods e.g. keeping hot or chilled food at correct temperature, nott topping up sauces, excluding staff with food poisoning symptoms. 3.2 prepare and serve food and drink in ways that minimise risks to own safety and that of others: – other e.g. children and adults who eat the food – staff preparing food – following good food handling and serving practices – maintaining personal hygiene – keeping any cuts or lesions completely covered – wearing protective clothing – minimising food handling e.g. using log handled servers – importance of cleaning as you work – replacing covers over food in preparation areas and serving areas – keeping preparation and serving areas clean and tidy 3.3 – check that individuals have finished eating before removing utensils and crockery – you encourage individuals to wash their hands and clean themselves at the end of the meal. – remove or assist individuals to remove used utensils and crockery – follow organisations policies and practice to dispose of stale or unusable left-over food – you clean work surfaces after use with appropriate cleaning materials – clean and store cooking utensils and equipment correctly or return them for cleaning – wash your hands and ensure your own cleanliness and hygiene after cleaning utensils, crockery and equipment 4.1 – following recommended time limits for food at room temperature – not leaving food and drink to accumulate in food areas 4.2 – not leaving food waste near foods or preparation areas – replacing bin lids correctly – keeping bins away from food areas – hand washing after handling waste foods – regular emptying and cleaning food waste bins – keeping external refuse areas clean 4.3 – using seperate sinks for cleaning and food preparation – thorough cleaning and disinfecting – disposing of cleaning cloths or disinfecting – disinfecting cleaning materials 4.4 – all utensils to be stored seperately on a rack – place them upside down – once dry put it in clean, dry storage shelves 5.1 – high risk food e.g. ready to eat, storing immediately after delivery – checking packaging – regular cleaning of food storage areas and refrigerators – separating ready to eat and raw foods – stock rotation – correct temperatures e.g. store rooms , refrigerators, freezers – suitable packaging and pest proof containers – not storing foods in opened cans – cleaning spills in storage areas immediately 5.2 – using covered containers – keeping raw food separate from high risk foods e.g. raw food at the bottom of the fridge – storing perishable foods in dry conditions – using clear labeling – checking use-by dates 6.1 – government agencies e.g. food standards agency – policies and procedures in own setting – legislation – food packaging 6.2 – own job description – line manager – food hygiene qualifications – tutor/assessor

Importance of Literature Essay

Literature reminds us of stories, epics, sacred scriptures and classical works of the ancient and modern times. Literature is defined as the body of written works of a language, period or culture, produced by scholars and researchers, specialized in a given field. Why is literature important? Let us see. As stated in the quotation by C. S. Lewis, literature not only describes reality but also adds to it. Yes, literature is not merely a depiction of reality; it is rather a value-addition. Literary works are portrayals of the thinking patterns and social norms prevalent in society. They are a depiction of the different facets of common man’s life. Classical literary works serve as a food for thought and a tonic for imagination and creativity. Exposing an individual to good literary works, is equivalent to providing him/her with the finest of educational opportunities. On the other hand, the lack of exposure to classic literary works is equal to depriving an individual from an opportunity to grow as an individual. Prose, poetry, drama, essays, fiction, literary works based on philosophy, art, history, religion, and culture and also scientific and legal writings are grouped under the category of literature. Creative nonfiction of the ancient times and literary journalism also fall under literature. Certain extremely technical writings such as those on logistics and mathematics are also believed to be a part of literature. Some of the great literary works like the Bible and Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, among others, provide society with the guiding principles of life. Ancient poetic works by poets like Homer, Plato, Sappho, Horace and Virgil, Shakespeare’s sonnets and notable poetry by W. B. Yeats, John Keats, Wordsworth, Tennyson and William Blake are timeless. The Lord of the Rings, The Godfather, A Tale of Two Cities, James Bond series are some of the best-selling books of all time. The Adventures of Pinocchio, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Winnie-the-Pooh were some of the greatest works in children’s literature. The relatively recent Harry Potter series made record sales across the globe and carved a niche for J. K. Rowling. However, a discussion about children’s authors would be incomplete without the mention of all-time popular authors like Aesop, Enid Blyton, Roald Dahl and Mark Twain. It is through reading such great literary and poetic works, that one understands life. They help a person take a closer look at the different facets of life. In many ways, it can change one’s perspective towards life. Lives of brilliant achievers and individuals who have made a valuable contribution to society, are sketched in their biographies. These works give the readers an insight into the lives of these eminent people, while also serving as a bible of ideals. Literature serves as an enormous information base. Research works by famous inventors and literary works by notable scientists often narrate stories of their groundbreaking discoveries and inferences. Ongoing developments in the fields of science and technology are documented so that the world can know about them. Several ancient scriptures relating stories of human evolution and narratives of human life in those times, have been of tremendous help to mankind. Thus, literature has always served as an authentic source of information from all around the world. True, languages are the building blocks of literature. But the study of literature cannot be restricted to only studying languages. In fact, literature cannot be confined to an educational curriculum. A degree in language and literature is perhaps unable to provide one, with everything that literature can offer. Literature, is definitely, much more than its literary meaning, which defines it as ‘an acquaintance to letters’. It, in fact, lays the foundation of an enriched life; it adds ‘life’ to ‘living’ Literature is also a mode to express public opinion in variety of genres. It is also a part of tradition, one we pass on to our future generation. It tells us of our rich culture and gives us a sense of pride in our country. Literature is the lighthouse of any culture and to know any culture better we must know its literature as it gives us a true picture of the culture and its development. The extant remains of the literary texts of earlier civilizations throw light on our past and gauge our development. Literature enriches the mind and reading as they say makes a man perfect. Today there are books available on a variety of subjects, books meant for education, books meant for entertainment and books meant for self- development. There is a book for each one`s choice. All said and done, literary enlightenment of a society is the true measure of its development and progress and India is a land with a rich literary heritage and one that people all over the world look up to for guidance. | Art is an extremely private experience, yet, it is meant to be shared with the public. Society, as a whole, examines the art produced and has the right to approve, disapprove, acknowledge, ignore, praise and abuse it. The public or society has not remained constant over the years. In the time of the Renaissance, for example, only a select few were â€Å"society. † They commissioned art, were patrons of the arts and their artists. Today, almost anyone can share in the experience of art. They can attempt to create, view and act as a critic. Does art make the world a better place, or is it quite useless? This is a very ancient riddle, and no one has solved it yet. A similar question – has art truly had any impact upon society? Has it fashioned or molded minds? Has it shaped opinions and altered how people feel or think? Is it practicable in or relevant to society and its individuals’ daily lives? Art reflects life. It is a portrait of history, whether it is history of the current moment or an event in the past or something of the imagination. Art has captured an event, clarifying its existence and representation to society. The portraits of the French Revolution by David, Benjamin West’s portrayal of the death of General Wolfe and Poussin’s recreation of the Rape of the Sabine Women all strive to provide a version of historical events. Society, in turn, can accept or reject these portrayals of true events. Sometimes, as in the case of Goya’s depiction of the French behavior during their conquest of Spain, art inspires a deep hatred of a certain nationality. |